Business analytics in industry 4.0: a systematic review

Recently, the term “Industry 4.0” has emerged to characterize several Information Technology and Communication (ICT) adoptions in production processes (e.g., Internet-of-Things, implementation of digital production support information technologies). Business Analytics is often used within the Industry 4.0, thus incorporating its data intelligence (e.g., statistical analysis, predictive modelling, optimization) expert system component. In this paper, we perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the usage of Business Analytics within the Industry 4.0 concept, covering a selection of 169 papers obtained from six major scientific publication sources from 2010 to March 2020. The selected papers were first classified in three major types, namely, Practical Application, Reviews and Framework Proposal. Then, we analysed with more detail the practical application studies which were further divided into three main categories of the Gartner analytical maturity model, Descriptive Analytics, Predictive Analytics and Prescriptive Analytics. In particular, we characterized the distinct analytics studies in terms of the industry application and data context used, impact (in terms of their Technology Readiness Level) and selected data modelling method. Our SLR analysis provides a mapping of how data-based Industry 4.0 expert systems are currently used, disclosing also research gaps and future research opportunities.The work of P. Cortez was supported by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020. We would like to thank to the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions

Fragmentation of Co-Fe-Ta-B Soft Magnetic Amorphous Alloy

The main limitation of high-strength Co-based bulk metallic glasses for their application as structural materials is the large brittleness. Spontaneously emerging cracks in the alloy degrade the magnetic properties. We analyzed the failure characteristics of $Co_{43}Fe_{20}Ta_{5.5}B_{31.5}$ bulk soft magnetic metallic glass deformed in the compression at room temperature and the low strain rate. Under loading the amorphous structure stores high elastic energy. During the failure this energy is released and the alloy breaks into small particles or powder exhibiting a fragmentation mode

Nanoscale Fracture Morphologies of Soft Magnetic CoFeTaB Amorphous Alloy

We analyzed the failure characteristics of the bulk metallic glass $Co_{43}Fe_{20}Ta_{5.5}B_{31.5}$ (at.%) deformed by compression and by bending of the ribbons. Under the load the amorphous structure can store high elastic energy. The surface morphology of nanoscale fracture is in accord with the micromechanisms of the failure of the amorphous structure. The fracture surface consists of a smooth mirror cleavage zone and a river pattern zone with nanosized dimples, arranged in lines respecting the periodic corrugation zones, oriented perpendicular to the crack propagation direction. The presence of the failure initiation centers in the ribbon influences the dynamics of crack propagation and also the surface morphology of the fracture

Structural Stability of Amorphous Alloy of Modified Finemet Type

The Finemet type amorphous alloys are well known as high frequency soft magnetic materials. They have good soft magnetic properties which are characterized by low coercive force and high permeability because of the lack of crystalline anisotropy. The structural stability of the amorphous ribbon of Finemet type modified by Mn, Al and Cr prepared by melt-spinning process was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamical mechanical analysis. With increase of the crystalline portion in the sample, the Curie transition is shifted to the higher temperatures. The magnetic relaxation processes at frequencies above 10⁴ Hz were detected by mass magnetic susceptibility measurement

Thermal Analysis of Magnetic Polymer Nanospheres for Drug Targeting

Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) polymer nanospheres loaded with different input amounts of anticancer drug taxol were prepared by the modified nanoprecipitation method. Magnetite was incorporated into the polymer nanospheres to impart them superparamagnetic properties. Thermal properties of the drug loaded magnetic polymer nanospheres were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The solid state solubility of taxol in PLGA nanospheres and the influence of external magnetic field on their thermal stability were estimated. The investigations have revealed that the samples of dried taxol loaded magnetic PLGA nanospheres undergo mass loss at three stages during heating

Thermal Analysis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Modified with Dextran

In the work the thermal behaviour of the magnetic nanoparticles modified with polysaccharide dextran of different weight ratios to the magnetite $Fe_3O_4$ was investigated using thermoanalytical methods - differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption of dextran on the magnetic nanoparticles was confirmed and the influence of the dextran amount in the modified magnetic fluid on the thermal decomposition of the complex system was studied. The results showed that magnetite catalyzed the thermal decomposition of dextran, the adsorbed dextran showed lower initial decomposition temperatures in comparison with the free one

Failure Behaviour of Fe- and Co-Based Amorphous Soft Magnetic Ribbons

Fractographic analysis of Co- and Fe-based high strength soft magnetic materials showed the high localization of the plastic deformation and the ductility in narrow shear bands. The estimated fracture toughness of these materials is closely associated with the scale of the local plastic zone

Thermogravimetric Study of the Decomposition of BSA-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles used in biomedicine have to be biocompatible, which can be achieved by the modification of the magnetic particle surface with an appropriate biocompatible substance. In the work protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen to modify the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. The BSA-coated magnetic nanoparticles with different input weight ratios of BSA to the magnetite $Fe_3O_4$ were prepared and thermally characterized using thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The adsorption of BSA on the magnetic nanoparticles in wide range of concentration was confirmed. The activation energies of the thermal decomposition of the complex system were estimated

Crack propagation in metallic glass ribbon as a function of the position of stress concentrators

An amorphous metallic ribbon of Fe40Ni40B20 was used for in-situ observation of the crack propagation and shear band formation during tensile tests. Prior to the tensile tests, two holes (with different positions with respect to the tensile axis) were made by laser ablation as stress concentrators. The nucleation and propagation of shear bands on the ribbon surface during tensile tests were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At room temperature inhomogeneous plastic deformation of amorphous alloy occurs via the development of primary and secondary shear bands. The influence of the different loading geometry on the topology of shear bands and crack propagation was studied